VP Shunt Surgery

What Is a VP Shunt?

A VP shunt (ventriculoperitoneal shunt) is a surgical procedure that treats hydrocephalus by relieving pressure on the brain caused by fluid accumulation. The shunt diverts the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain's ventricles to the abdominal cavity, where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

VP shunt surgery is a standard treatment for hydrocephalus in children and adults. It involves placing a flexible tube into the brain’s ventricles and connecting it to another tube that runs under the skin to the peritoneal cavity.

When Is VP Shunt Surgery Needed?

It is used to treat hydrocephalus, a condition caused by:

Congenital defects (e.g., spina bifida)
Brain tumors
Infections (e.g., meningitis)
Hemorrhage or trauma
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) in older adults

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus That May Require a VP Shunt

Headache
Nausea or vomiting
Blurred or double vision
Difficulty walking or poor coordination
Lethargy or drowsiness
Cognitive problems
Swollen fontanelle in infants
Rapid head growth in infants

Preoperative Preparation

Imaging: CT scan or MRI to locate fluid buildup
Blood tests and general health evaluation
Fasting before surgery
Consent and anesthesia assessment

Procedure

How Is VP Shunt Surgery Performed?

The patient is placed under general anesthesia
A small incision is made on the scalp
A hole is drilled in the skull to access the ventricles
One catheter is inserted into a brain ventricle
A valve is attached to regulate flow
The distal catheter is tunneled under the skin to the abdomen
The shunt is tested and incisions closed

Post-Surgery Care

Hospital stay: 1–3 days
Pain management
Monitoring for signs of infection or malfunction
Follow-up imaging to confirm proper CSF drainage
Discharge instructions for home care

Benefits of VP Shunt Surgery

Reduces intracranial pressure
Improves symptoms like headache, nausea, and balance
Enhances quality of life
May prevent further brain damage

Risks and Complications

Infection
Shunt malfunction (blockage or disconnection)
Over-drainage or under-drainage
Bleeding or seizures
Need for revision surgery

Recovery and Lifestyle

Recovery in 2–4 weeks
Regular follow-up with neurosurgeon
Avoid activities that involve head trauma
Watch for symptoms of shunt malfunction (headache, vomiting, vision changes)

Factors That Can Affect VP Shunt Surgery Cost in India

Age of the patient (child/adult)
Underlying cause of hydrocephalus
Type of shunt used
Hospital location and class
Surgeon’s expertise
Duration of hospital stay
Postoperative rehabilitation

India offers affordable VP shunt surgery with skilled neurosurgeons and advanced hospital infrastructure.

Suggestions

Early diagnosis and treatment prevent brain damage
Inform caregivers about signs of shunt malfunction
Routine checkups and imaging ensure proper function

The Most Important Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is VP shunt surgery permanent?
A: The shunt is usually permanent, but it may require revisions or replacements.

Q: How long does a VP shunt last?
A: A shunt can function for several years. Some may last a lifetime, while others may need replacement.

Q: Can a person live a normal life with a VP shunt?
A: Yes, many people live normal lives with regular monitoring and care.

Q: What happens if the shunt gets blocked?
A: Symptoms like headache, nausea, or vision problems may occur. Medical attention is needed immediately.

Q: How do I know if the shunt is working properly?
A: Improved symptoms and regular imaging show proper function.

Q: Is the surgery painful?
A: General anesthesia prevents pain during surgery. Postoperative discomfort is managed with medication.

Q: Are there restrictions after VP shunt surgery?
A: Avoid strenuous activities and follow doctor’s instructions regarding work and physical exertion.