Scoliosis Spine Surgery

Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine curves sideways, often into an “S” or “C” shape. While mild cases may require only observation, more severe curvatures might require surgical correction to prevent progression and improve posture and function.

What Is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It can occur in children, adolescents, or adults and may be caused by congenital deformities, neuromuscular disorders, or degenerative spinal changes.

Types of Scoliosis:

Idiopathic Scoliosis – Most common, especially in adolescents
Congenital Scoliosis – Due to malformed vertebrae at birth
Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Caused by conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy
Degenerative Scoliosis – Occurs in older adults due to spine degeneration

What Are the Symptoms of Scoliosis?

Symptoms depend on the severity and cause of the curvature:

Uneven shoulders or waist
One hip higher than the other
Visible spine curvature
Back pain or fatigue
Limited mobility
Breathing difficulty (in severe cases)

How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?

Physical examination
X-rays – Measure degree of curvature (Cobb angle)
MRI or CT scan – To assess spinal cord or nerve involvement
Pulmonary function test – If lung function is affected

When Is Surgery Recommended?

Surgery is considered when:

Curve is greater than 40–50 degrees
Curve is progressing rapidly
Severe pain or functional limitations
Breathing is affected
Cosmetic concerns in some patients

Procedure

Scoliosis Spine Surgery Options

The most common surgery for scoliosis is spinal fusion, where vertebrae are fused together to correct and stabilize the curve.

1. Spinal Fusion

Metal rods, screws, and hooks are used to straighten and stabilize the spine
Bone grafts are placed to allow the vertebrae to fuse into a single solid bone
Performed from the back (posterior) or front (anterior)

2. Growing Rods (for children)

Rods attached to the spine and lengthened periodically as the child grows

3. Vertebral Body Tethering

Less invasive alternative for growing children
Flexible cord is attached to the spine to guide growth

Post-Surgical Care and Recovery

Hospital stay: 3–7 days
Pain management and physical therapy
Gradual return to normal activity in 4–6 weeks
Full recovery in 6–12 months
Regular follow-up with X-rays

Risks and Complications

While generally safe, potential risks include:

Infection
Blood loss
Nerve damage
Rod displacement
Non-union (failure of bones to fuse)
Pain or limited flexibility

Factors That Can Affect Scoliosis Spine Surgery Cost in India

Degree and type of curvature
Age of patient
Type of implants and materials used
Hospital infrastructure and surgeon experience
Postoperative care and rehabilitation
City and hospital category

India offers world-class spine surgery at a fraction of the cost in Western countries, with excellent orthopedic and neurosurgical care.

Suggestions

Early detection can allow non-surgical options like bracing
Surgery provides excellent correction in severe cases
Choose a surgeon experienced in spinal deformity correction

The Most Important Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is scoliosis surgery painful?
A: Pain is managed with medications; discomfort reduces as recovery progresses.

Q: Can scoliosis recur after surgery?
A: Recurrence is rare with proper fusion. Follow-up ensures stability.

Q: How long is recovery after scoliosis surgery?
A: Return to normal activity takes about 6 weeks; full fusion may take 6–12 months.

Q: Will I be able to play sports after scoliosis surgery?
A: Yes, after healing. Some high-impact sports may be restricted.

Q: What is the success rate of scoliosis surgery?
A: Success rates exceed 90% in most cases, with excellent correction and quality of life improvement.

Q: Is scoliosis surgery safe for children?
A: Yes, especially with newer techniques like growing rods and tethering designed for pediatric patients.

Q: Are there alternatives to scoliosis surgery?
A: Bracing and physical therapy are options in mild or moderate cases before surgery becomes necessary.