Pediatric Brain Tumor Treatment

Pediatric brain tumors are abnormal cell growths within the brain or spinal cord of children. They are the second most common type of cancer in children after leukemia. Brain tumors in children may be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and treatment options depend on the type, location, and size of the tumor.

What Are Pediatric Brain Tumors?

Pediatric brain tumors are masses or growths of abnormal cells in a child’s brain or the tissue and structures near it. Some tumors are noncancerous (benign), and some are cancerous (malignant). Brain tumors can form in different parts of the brain and may spread through the spinal fluid.

Common Types:

Medulloblastomas
Astrocytomas (including pilocytic and glioblastoma multiforme)
Ependymomas
Brainstem gliomas
Craniopharyngiomas

What Are the Causes of Pediatric Brain Tumors?

The exact cause is not always known. Possible contributing factors include:

Genetic conditions (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis)
Exposure to radiation
Immune system disorders
Family history

Symptoms of Pediatric Brain Tumors

Symptoms depend on tumor location, size, and child’s age. Common signs include:

Headaches (often worse in the morning)
Nausea and vomiting
Balance problems or clumsiness
Seizures
Personality or behavior changes
Fatigue or drowsiness
Vision, hearing, or speech problems
Increased head size in infants
Difficulty walking

Diagnosis

Neurological examination
MRI or CT scan
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) – To examine cerebrospinal fluid
Biopsy – To determine the type of tumor
Genetic testing – For syndromes related to brain tumors

Procedure

Treatment Options for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Treatment depends on the type, location, and aggressiveness of the tumor. A multidisciplinary team of pediatric oncologists, neurosurgeons, and other specialists provides care.

1. Surgery

Primary treatment for many brain tumors
Goal is to remove as much of the tumor as safely possible
In some cases, entire tumor removal is not feasible

2. Radiation Therapy

Uses high-energy rays to destroy tumor cells
Limited use in young children due to risks to developing brain
Advanced techniques like proton therapy may reduce side effects

3. Chemotherapy

Use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth
Can be given orally, intravenously, or intrathecally
Often used in combination with surgery or radiation

4. Targeted Therapy

Focuses on specific molecules involved in tumor growth
Causes less damage to normal cells than chemotherapy

5. Supportive Care

Physical therapy, occupational therapy
Counseling for emotional and mental health
Educational support

Factors That Can Affect Pediatric Brain Tumor Treatment Cost in India

Tumor type and stage
Duration and type of treatment (surgery, chemo, radiation)
Hospital and city of treatment
Pediatric oncologist’s expertise
Need for ICU or extended care
Rehabilitation and post-treatment support

India provides affordable, high-quality care for pediatric brain tumor treatment, with modern pediatric oncology units and experienced specialists.

Suggestions

Early detection and personalized treatment plans improve outcomes
Long-term follow-up is essential for monitoring recurrence or late effects
Family support and rehabilitation services play a critical role in recovery

The Most Important Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Are pediatric brain tumors curable?
A: Many pediatric brain tumors are curable, especially if detected early and treated appropriately.

Q: What is the survival rate for children with brain tumors?
A: It depends on tumor type and location. Some have survival rates over 70–90%, while aggressive tumors may be more challenging.

Q: Will my child need long-term care after treatment?
A: Some children may have long-term effects from the tumor or treatment. Rehabilitation and monitoring are essential.

Q: Can pediatric brain tumors return?
A: Yes, some tumors can recur. Regular follow-up with imaging is required.

Q: Is radiation therapy safe for young children?
A: It carries risks, especially in very young children. Alternative therapies or proton therapy may be considered.

Q: How do I support my child during treatment?
A: Emotional support, maintaining routines, and working closely with healthcare providers can help your child cope better.