Limb Lengthening Surgery

What is Limb Lengthening Surgery?

Limb lengthening is a surgical procedure to increase the length of bones in the arms or legs. It is performed to correct leg length discrepancies, dwarfism, or for cosmetic height enhancement. The technique involves cutting the bone and gradually pulling it apart so new bone can fill in the gap.

Indications

Congenital limb length discrepancies
Post-traumatic shortening
Dwarfism
Bone diseases affecting growth
Cosmetic height increase

Diagnosis and Pre-Surgical Evaluation

Detailed medical history
Physical examination
Imaging (X-ray, MRI, CT)
Bone age assessment
Psychological evaluation (especially for cosmetic cases)

Types of Limb Lengthening Techniques

1. External Fixators

Ilizarov Technique: Circular external frame attached to the bone with pins and wires.
Taylor Spatial Frame: Computer-assisted system with adjustable struts.

2. Internal Devices

Intramedullary Lengthening Nails (e.g., PRECICE system): Telescopic rods inserted inside the bone, controlled magnetically from outside.

Surgical Procedure

Performed under general anesthesia
Bone is surgically cut (osteotomy)
External or internal device is fixed
Distraction (bone pulling apart) begins after a latency period of 5–7 days
Bone is lengthened ~1 mm per day
New bone (regenerate) forms in the gap

Recovery Phases

1. Distraction Phase

Active lengthening of bone
Regular X-rays to monitor growth
Physiotherapy crucial for joint mobility

2. Consolidation Phase

Bone hardens and matures
Devices kept in place to support the bone

Duration

Distraction: 1 cm = ~10 days
Consolidation: Twice the distraction time
Total recovery may take 6–12 months

Risks and Complications

Infection at pin sites
Joint stiffness
Muscle tightness
Nerve or blood vessel injury
Delayed bone healing
Psychological stress

Postoperative Care

Pain management
Daily physiotherapy
Nutritional support for bone healing
Routine follow-ups with imaging
Device removal after bone consolidation

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is limb lengthening painful?
A: Discomfort is expected during distraction; managed with medications.

Q: How much height can be gained?
A: Up to 6–8 cm in a single surgery; more with multiple surgeries.

Q: Will the bone return to normal strength?
A: Yes, after full consolidation, bone becomes strong again.

Q: Can adults undergo this surgery?
A: Yes, but healing may take longer than in children.

Q: Are there non-surgical alternatives?
A: No. Only surgery can significantly increase limb length.

Q: Is cosmetic limb lengthening ethical?
A: Controversial; must be performed with full psychological evaluation and informed consent.

Q: Is insurance coverage available?
A: Usually not for cosmetic cases; may be covered for medical conditions.