Leukemia Treatment

What is Leukemia?

Leukemia is a type of cancer that begins in the bone marrow, leading to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells ("blasts" or leukemia cells). It disrupts the production of healthy blood cells, reducing immunity and leading to conditions like anemia and increased infection risk.

Leukemia affects both adults and children. It is a cancer of immature white blood cells, which are essential in fighting infections.

Causes of Leukemia

While the exact cause is unknown, contributing factors may include:

Genetic mutations
Exposure to radiation
Family history
Smoking
Genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome)

Classification of Leukemia

Based on Cell Growth Rate

Acute Leukemia: Rapid growth of immature cells
Chronic Leukemia: Slower progression; cells may be partly functional

Based on Affected Cell Type

Lymphocytic Leukemia: Affects lymphoid cells (immune system foundation)
Myelogenous Leukemia: Affects cells producing RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Six Major Types

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Symptoms

Fatigue due to anemia
Easy bruising or bleeding
Frequent infections
Swollen lymph nodes
Weight/appetite loss
Bone pain and tenderness
Swollen spleen or liver
Petechiae (red skin spots)
Night sweats

Diagnosis

Blood tests (CBC)
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Cytogenetics
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
Chest X-ray

Treatment Options

Chemotherapy

Primary treatment involving single or multiple drugs.

Radiation Therapy

High-energy radiation to target cancer cells.

Stem Cell Transplantation

Replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy donor or self cells.

Immunotherapy (Biological Therapy)

Boosts immune response against leukemia cells.

Targeted Therapy

Targets weaknesses in cancer cells (e.g., imatinib for CML).

Factors Affecting Treatment Cost in India

Hospital choice
Doctors’ expertise
Diagnostic tests
Type of procedure
Radiation/Chemotherapy costs
Room selection and care level
Post-operative support

Choosing a Hospital

Accredited (JCI/NABH)
Location & accessibility
Infrastructure & tech
International patient support
Experienced specialists

Why India?

Lower treatment costs
High-quality care
World-class facilities
Skilled medical professionals

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What Is the Base Cost of Leukemia Treatment in India?
A: Ranges from USD 15,700 to USD 28,000.

Q: Is Leukemia Contagious?
A: No, it cannot be transmitted through contact or living together.

Q: Side Effects of Chemotherapy?
A: Fatigue, nausea, weight loss, hair loss, appetite changes, skin discoloration.

Q: Recovery Time?
A: Acute types may take months; chronic types may require long-term management.

Q: Which Type Is Most Severe?
A: Adult AML is considered the deadliest if untreated.