Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Surgery

A Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) is a mechanical pump implanted in patients with end-stage heart failure. It helps restore normal blood flow by assisting the left ventricle in pumping blood to the aorta and the rest of the body.

What Is LVAD?

Battery-operated device implanted under the chest
Assists, but does not replace, the heart
Used in patients awaiting heart transplant or those ineligible for transplant
Enhances energy levels, reduces fatigue and breathlessness

How Does LVAD Surgery Work?

LVAD is implanted surgically via open-heart procedure
Connects left ventricle to aorta
Powered by an external battery pack and controller connected through a driveline exiting the skin
Continuously pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body

Key Components:

Heart Pump: Moves blood from the heart
Driveline: Cable connecting pump to external components
Controller: Monitors pump performance
Batteries: Provide power and are portable

Who Is the Right Candidate for LVAD?

Diagnosed with end-stage heart failure
Not responsive to medications
May be awaiting a heart transplant
Must pass evaluations (EKG, bloodwork, echo, stress test, heart catheterization)

Not suitable for patients with:

Kidney or liver failure
Clotting disorders
Severe lung disease
Active infections

How LVAD Surgery Is Performed

Done under general anesthesia
Duration: 4–6 hours
Sternum is opened, heart-lung machine may be used
Device is attached to the heart and aorta
Driveline exits through abdominal skin to connect external components
Incision closed after implantation

Recovery After LVAD Surgery

Hospital stay: 14–21 days on average
Pain management, wound care, and therapy to regain strength
Education on device maintenance and emergency response
Daily/weekly/monthly system checks required
Avoid swimming, heavy lifting, and being away from a power source

Risks Associated With LVAD Surgery

Bleeding
Blood clots
Stroke
Infection
Device failure
Heart or respiratory failure
Kidney complications

Life with an LVAD

Patients can:

Shower (with protection)
Walk, hike, cycle
Work (if medically approved)
Travel (with modifications)

Not allowed:

Swimming
Contact sports
Being disconnected from power supply

Healthy Lifestyle Post-LVAD

Quit smoking and alcohol
Eat a heart-healthy diet
Exercise regularly
Maintain emotional well-being
Use support groups and counseling as needed

The Most Important Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is LVAD Surgery Considered Open-Heart Surgery?
A: Yes, involves opening the chest and using general anesthesia.

Q: Is an LVAD a Significant Procedure?
A: Yes, it involves major surgery and hospital recovery.

Q: What Happens After Implantation?
A: Recovery includes weeks of monitored healing followed by outpatient care.

Q: Is a Pacemaker the Same as an LVAD?
A: No. A pacemaker corrects rhythm, while LVAD supports pumping.

Q: How Do LVAD Patients Shower?
A: Use a special shower bag to protect the device; driveline should not get wet.