Knee Replacement Surgery

What is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability. It is most commonly performed for osteoarthritis but may also be indicated for other knee diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Types of Knee Replacement

Total Knee Replacement (TKR): Replaces the entire knee joint.
Partial Knee Replacement: Only the damaged part of the knee is replaced.
Bilateral Knee Replacement: Both knees replaced at the same time.
Revision Knee Replacement: Replacement of a previously implanted prosthesis.

Reasons for Surgery

Severe osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Traumatic injury to the knee
Deformities (e.g., bow legs, knock knees)
Failure of conservative treatment

Diagnosis Before Surgery

Clinical examination
Imaging: X-ray, MRI, or CT scan
Blood and urine tests
Cardiac evaluation
Anesthesia fitness assessment

Surgical Procedure

Performed under general or spinal anesthesia
Incision made over the knee
Damaged cartilage and bone removed
Prosthetic components placed and secured
Knee tested for range of motion
Wound closed and dressed

Duration: 1–2 hours

Postoperative Care

Hospital stay: 3–5 days
Pain control with medications
Physical therapy starts within 24 hours
Use of walker/crutches initially
Prevention of blood clots with medications
Regular follow-ups

Recovery Timeline

Walking with support: 1–2 weeks
Resume normal activities: 4–6 weeks
Full recovery: 3–6 months
Prosthetic lifespan: 15–20 years

Benefits

Pain relief
Improved joint function
Increased mobility
Enhanced quality of life

Risks and Complications

Blood clots
Infection
Nerve injury
Joint stiffness or instability
Implant loosening or failure

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Who needs knee replacement?
A: People with severe joint pain, stiffness, and limited mobility not improved by medication or therapy.

Q: Is knee replacement permanent?
A: Prosthetic joints typically last 15–20 years.

Q: Can both knees be replaced at once?
A: Yes, depending on the patient’s health and surgeon’s recommendation.

Q: When can I drive post-surgery?
A: Usually after 6–8 weeks, based on knee strength and mobility.

Q: What are alternatives to surgery?
A: Medications, physical therapy, joint injections, lifestyle changes.

Q: Is the surgery painful?
A: Pain is controlled with anesthesia during surgery and medications afterward.

Q: What happens if I delay surgery?
A: Condition may worsen, leading to greater joint damage and disability.