Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment that uses an implanted device to provide an electrical current to specific parts of your brain. This current boosts the efficiency of certain components. It’s most commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy, but researchers are looking at whether it can assist with a variety of other ailments as well.

During deep brain stimulation, stimulators are implanted on both sides of the brain in patients. The electrodes are subsequently placed after the stimulators have detected the inactive areas. The electrodes are then wired to a pacemaker device that is implanted beneath the skin of the chest below the collarbone.

What Is Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment that involves implanting electrodes in the brain and delivering electrical impulses to prevent or modify the abnormal activity that produces symptoms.

The deep brain stimulation system is made up of four parts:

Leads: Thin, insulated cables that connect to electrodes in the brain.
A pulse generator: A tiny device that generates electrical pulses, similar to a pacemaker.
Extensions: Lines that link to the brain leads and carry electrical pulses from the device.
Programming device: A handheld programmer that changes the device’s signals and turns it on/off.

Symptoms That Lead to Require DBS

Depending on the type of sickness, patients may have a number of symptoms. Some examples:

Dystonia

Muscle contractions that occur involuntarily
Muscle spasms worsened by stress, fatigue, anxiety

Epilepsy

Temporary confusion
Staring spells
Loss of consciousness
Uncontrollable jerking movements
Emotional reactions like fear and anxiety

Essential Tremor

Tremors during routine tasks like writing or drinking

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Germ phobia, aggressive cleaning
Obsession with symmetry
Repetitive checking or counting behavior

Parkinson’s Disease

Tremor
Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Body stiffness
Abnormal walking

Why DBS Is Done

The human brain uses electrical and chemical impulses for neuron communication. Disorders can cause neuron inactivity, disrupting functions. DBS stimulates these neurons artificially to restore function. It is used when medications fail to ensure quality of life.

Factors That Can Affect Deep Brain Stimulation Cost

Medication costs
Duration of treatment
Geographical location
Hospitalization expenses
Government policies and subsidies
Hospital reputation and infrastructure
Expertise of medical professionals
Type and frequency of diagnostic procedures
Choice of treatment modality

Diagnosis and Testing

Evaluated by a team: neurologist, neurosurgeon, neuropsychologist, psychiatrist
Parkinson’s/tremor patients tested on/off medication
EEG and other tests for epilepsy
Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCs) for OCD
Blood/urine tests
MRI/CT scans
Doctor's clearance and family consent

Procedure

How Is Deep Brain Stimulation Performed

Can be done under local anesthesia (awake) or general anesthesia (asleep). Some patients remain awake during part of the procedure.

Steps:

Attach stereotactic frame
MRI or CT scans
Skin and skull incision
Electrode insertion
Stimulation of brain cells
Close incision
Implant stimulator
Program stimulator

Advantages and Risks

Advantages

Alternative when medications fail
Can be life-changing
Adjustable and reversible

Risks

Sepsis and infections
Bleeding
Coma
Stroke
Swelling
Hardware issues: lead shifting, wire separation, device failure
Discomfort around the stimulator

Living with Stimulator

Handheld controller provided
Can turn stimulator on/off and adjust settings
Typically used 24/7; some turn off at night
Rechargeable batteries require 1–2 hours of weekly charging
Devices are safe around phones, microwaves, etc.
Carry ID card while flying

Choosing a Hospital for DBS in India

Look for:
- Quality certifications
- Convenient location
- Skilled doctors and surgeons
- Modern diagnostic equipment
- International patient services

Why People Prefer DBS in India

Cost-effective compared to U.S. and Europe
Experienced surgeons and accredited hospitals
Offers full pre-op, surgery, and rehab services

The Most Important Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What Should I Avoid After DBS Surgery?
A: Avoid strenuous activities (jogging, swimming, etc.) for 4–6 weeks.

Q: How Long Does It Take for DBS to Work?
A: Up to six months for optimal results. May be used continuously or on a schedule.

Q: What Can Go Wrong with DBS Surgery?
A: Possible issues include balance loss, shocks, coordination issues, and increased tremors.

Q: Is DBS Surgery Painful?
A: Minimal discomfort during surgery; post-op effects include tingling, numbness, and contractions.

Q: Does DBS Help with Fatigue?
A: May reduce motor symptoms in Parkinson’s, but fatigue outcomes are inconclusive.